/* This file is part of the sample code and exercises
 * used by the class "Advanced Programming in the UNIX
 * Environment" taught by Jan Schaumann
 * <jschauma@netmeister.org> at Stevens Institute of
 * Technology.
 *
 * This file is in the public domain.
 *
 * You don't have to, but if you feel like
 * acknowledging where you got this code, you may
 * reference me by name, email address, or point
 * people to the course website:
 * https://stevens.netmeister.org/631/
 */

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define DATA "1234567890"

struct struct1 {
	char *s;
};

struct struct2 {
	char *s;
	int i;
};

struct struct3 {
	char *s;
	int i;
	int j;
};

struct struct4 {
	struct struct1 s1;
	struct struct2 s2;
	struct struct3 s3;
};

struct flex {
	char c;
	char array[];
};

int main() {

	printf("Basic data types:\n");
	printf("sizeof(int)           : %4lu\n", sizeof(int));
	printf("sizeof(float)         : %4lu\n", sizeof(float));
	printf("sizeof(double)        : %4lu\n", sizeof(double));
	printf("sizeof(char)          : %4lu\n", sizeof(char));

	printf("\nPointers:\n");
	printf("sizeof(int *)         : %4lu\n", sizeof(int *));
	printf("sizeof(void *)        : %4lu\n", sizeof(void *));
	printf("sizeof(char *)        : %4lu\n", sizeof(char *));

	printf("\nStructs:\n");
	printf("sizeof(struct struct1): %4lu\n", sizeof(struct struct1));
	printf("sizeof(struct struct2): %4lu\n", sizeof(struct struct2));
	printf("sizeof(struct struct3): %4lu\n", sizeof(struct struct3));
	printf("sizeof(struct struct4): %4lu\n", sizeof(struct struct4));

	printf("\nFlex struct:\n");
	printf("sizeof(struct flex)   : %4lu\n", sizeof(struct flex));

	struct flex f1;
	struct flex f2;

	/* Danger: we now overflowed "f1". */
	strncpy(f2.array, "flex", 32);

	printf("sizeof(f1)            : %4lu\n", sizeof(f1));
	printf("sizeof(f2)            : %4lu\n", sizeof(f2));

	struct flex *f3;

	/* Segfault:
	strncpy(f3->array, "flex", 32);
	*/

	if ((f3 = malloc(sizeof(char) + strlen("flex"))) == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory: %s\n",
				strerror(errno));
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	strncpy(f3->array, "flex", strlen("flex"));
	printf("sizeof(f3)            : %4lu\n", sizeof(f3));
	printf("strlen(f3->array)     : %4lu\n", strlen(f3->array));

	/* But this won't work:
	printf("sizeof(f3->array)     : %4lu\n", sizeof(f3->array));
	*/

	printf("\nStrings:\n");

	printf("Macro string: '#define DATA \"%s\"'\n", DATA);
	printf("sizeof(DATA)          : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(DATA), strlen(DATA));

	char buf1[] = "abc";
	printf("\nInitialized buffer: 'buf1[] = \"abc\"'\n");
	printf("sizeof(buf1)          : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(buf1), strlen(buf1));

	char buf2[BUFSIZ];
	printf("\nFixed buffer, size known at compile time: \"buf2[%d]\"\n", BUFSIZ);
	printf("sizeof(buf2)          : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(buf2), strlen(buf2));

	char buf3[BUFSIZ] = { 'a', 'b', 'c' };
	printf("\nFixed-size, initialized buffer: \"buf3[%d] = { 'a', 'b', 'c'}\"\n", BUFSIZ);
	printf("sizeof(buf3)          : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(buf3), strlen(buf3));

	char *s1 = "abc";
	printf("\nInitialized pointer: 'char *s1 = \"abc\"'\n");
	printf("sizeof(s1)            : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(s1), strlen(s1));

	char *s2 = buf3;
	printf("\nInitialized pointer: 'char *s2 = buf3'\n");
	printf("sizeof(s2)            : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(s2), strlen(s2));

	char *s3;
	if ((s3 = malloc(BUFSIZ)) == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory: %s\n",
				strerror(errno));
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	printf("\nA pointer to malloc(%d)'d memory:\n", BUFSIZ);
	printf("sizeof(s3)            : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(s3), strlen(s3));

	(void)strncat(s3, "0123456789", BUFSIZ);
	printf("\nAfter strncat(3)ing \"0123456789\" to 's3':\n");
	printf("sizeof(s3)            : %4lu  (strlen: %4lu)\n",
						sizeof(s3), strlen(s3));

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}